Since the 1970s, the continuous global warming has impacted the Arctic environment. The temperature increasing rate of Arctic during this century is nearly twice that of the global average, which is named as Arctic Amplification phenomena. Sea ice coverage of Arctic Ocean varied in a declined trend. Summer sea ice extent in 2012 was less than 40% of that in last century. The serious retreat of Arctic sea ice coverage is a unique phenomenon during the past 1 450 years. It is projected that an ice-free summer Arctic will happen in the near future. The positive feedback processes inside the Arctic are considered to be the key factors to drive the Arctic amplification under the background of global warming, which result in the Arctic and global climate changes, and drive many extreme meteorological and climatological events. An important mission of Arctic science is to reveal the physical mechanisms that drive these positive feedbacks. The main scientific issues of Arctic amplification are all related to the air-ice-sea interaction. Sea ice is the most active factor of Arctic amplification. The variations of sea ice microstructure and the thermal dynamical features need to be clarified quantitatively by considering the melt pond, lateral melting, snow cover, and ice drifting. Ocean is the key factor to acquire and store the solar energy for Arctic change. Oceanic heat flux is very important for the energy reallocation (energy storage and release), which is influenced by fresh water content and pycnocline structure to form the air-sea coupling. The main goal of researches for the Arctic Amplification is to understand the variation of Arctic climate system, the air-ice-sea interaction, feedback between ocean and atmosphere, variation in cyclones and blocks, influence of cloud and fog on Arctic change. On the basis of better understanding of variation of sea ice, ocean, and climate Arctic, the dominant function and physical processes of the vortex Rossby-waves will be the main issue to reveal the gateways and processes for the influence of Arctic change on China’s climate.